The SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: a meta-analysis of public DNA methylation and gene expression data, by João Malato, Franziska Sotzny, Sandra Bauer, Helma Freitag, André Fonseca, Anna D Grabowska, Luís Graça, Clara Cordeiro, Luís Nacul, Eliana M Lacerda, Jesus Castro-Marrero, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Francisco Westermeier, Nuno Sepúlveda in Heliyon 2021 Jul 29;7(8):e07665 [doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07665]
Research abstract:
Protein_ACE2_PDB_1r42
People with myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) often report a high frequency of viral infections and flu-like symptoms during their disease course. Since this reporting is in line with different immunological abnormalities and altered gene expression profiles observed in the disease, we aimed to explore whether the expression of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), the major cell entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is also altered in this neglected clinical population. In particular, a low expression of ACE2 is usually indicative of a high risk of developing COVID-19.
We then performed a meta-analysis of public data on CpG DNA methylation and gene expression of this enzyme and its homologous ACE protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and related subsets. We found that patients with ME/CFS have decreased methylation levels of four CpG probes in the ACE locus (cg09920557, cg19802564, cg21094739, and cg10468385) and of another probe in the promoter region of the ACE2 gene (cg08559914). We also found a decreased expression of ACE2 but not of ACE in patients with ME/CFS when compared to healthy controls.
Accordingly, in newly collected data, we found evidence for a higher proportion of samples with an ACE2 expression below the limit of detection in patients with ME/CFS than in healthy controls.
Altogether, patients with ME/CFS could be at a higher COVID-19 risk when infected by SARS-CoV-2. To further support this conclusion, similar research should be conducted for other human cell entry receptors and other cell types, namely, those mainly targeted by the virus.
Comment:
ME Association: Research Summary – Are people with ME/CFS at higher risk of complications from COVID infection?
