{"id":30155,"date":"2021-04-26T07:32:29","date_gmt":"2021-04-26T06:32:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/?p=30155"},"modified":"2021-04-26T07:32:29","modified_gmt":"2021-04-26T06:32:29","slug":"ross-river-virus-immune-evasion-strategies-the-relevance-to-post-viral-fatigue-me-onset","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/ross-river-virus-immune-evasion-strategies-the-relevance-to-post-viral-fatigue-me-onset\/","title":{"rendered":"Ross River virus immune evasion strategies & the relevance to Post-Viral Fatigue & ME onset"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ross River virus immune evasion strategies and the relevance to Post-Viral Fatigue, and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis onse<\/a>t, by Brett A Lidbury in<\/span> Front. Med.<\/em>\u00a0 Vol 8, 2021 pp 298 [doi: 10.3389\/fmed.2021.662513]<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article abstract:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"\"Ross River virus<\/a> (RRV) is an endemic Australian arbovirus, and member of the Alphavirus family that also includes Chikungunya virus (CHIK). RRV is responsible for the highest prevalence human disease cases associated with mosquito-borne transmission in Australia, and has long been a leading suspect<\/a> in cases of post-viral fatigue syndromes, with extrapolation of this link to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME).<\/p>\n

Research into RRV pathogenesis has revealed a number of immune evasion strategies, impressive for a virus with a genome size of 11 – 12kb (plus strand RNA), which resonate with insights into viral pathogenesis broadly. Drawing from observations on RRV immune evasion, mechanisms of relevance to long term idiopathic fatigue are featured as a perspective on infection and eventual ME symptoms, which include considerations of; (1) selective pro-inflammatory gene suppression post antibody- dependent enhancement (ADE) of RRV infection, (2) Evidence from other virus families of immune disruption and evasion post-ADE, and (3) how virally-driven immune evasion may impact on mitochondrial function via target of rapamycin (TOR) complexes.<\/p>\n

In light of these RRV measures to counter the host immune – inflammatory responses, links to recent discoveries explaining cellular, immune and metabolomic markers of ME will be explored and discussed, with the implications for long-COVID post SARS.CoV.2 also examined.<\/p>\n

Compelling issues on the connections between virally-induced alterations in cytokine expression, for example, will be of particular interest in light of energy pathways, and how these perturbations manifest clinically.<\/p>\n

Conclusions<\/strong><\/p>\n

The history of ME features regular \u201coutbreaks,\u201d which have been associated with virus infections. At the time of writing, the COVID (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has revealed a sub-population of recovered patients who have developed long-term symptoms that resemble classic ME. Therefore, a perspective is presented herein that aims to link the viral manipulation of host antiviral and inflammatory-immune responses to mitochondrial function, with TOR proteins as the critical interface between deranged cytokine expression and energy regulation.<\/p>\n

Established for many virus families (Table 1), ADE post-infection is the particular perspective focus. ADE currently has renewed interest in relation to potential COVID vaccine safety, but in a more general context also raises questions on ME pathogenesis due to the dramatic consequences for immediate antiviral defenses, later innate immune responses, and thereafter guidance from ADE-impacted cells (e.g., antigen-presenting cells) for the formation of an appropriate adaptive immune response to support long term homeostasis.<\/p>\n

The unraveling of the interactions between the viral manipulation of cells, bioenergetics and mitochondrial function will reveal the differences, at a cellular level, to explain why some individuals go on to develop chronic long-term health challenges like ME or long-COVID, while others do not.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ross River virus immune evasion strategies and the relevance to Post-Viral Fatigue, and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis onset, by Brett A Lidbury in Front. Med.\u00a0 Vol 8, 2021 pp 298 [doi: 10.3389\/fmed.2021.662513]   Article abstract: Ross River virus (RRV) is an endemic … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[6714,3270,6432],"class_list":["post-30155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-immune-evasion-strategies","tag-prof-brett-lidbury","tag-ross-river-virus"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5qkYK-7Qn","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30155"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30712,"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30155\/revisions\/30712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wames.org.uk\/cms-english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}