Diagnostic criteria for CFS & ME

Abstract

The current study had two objectives. (1) to compare objective and self-report measures in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) according to the 1994 Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and healthy controls, and (2) to contrast CFS patients who only fulfill CDC criteria to those who also fulfill the criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), the 2003 Canadian criteria for ME/CFS, or the comorbid diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM).

One hundred six participants (48 CFS patients diagnosed following the 1994 CDC criteria, 19 MS patients, and 39 healthy controls) completed questionnaires assessing symptom severity, quality of life, daily functioning, and psychological factors.

Objective measures consisted of activity monitoring, evaluation of maximal voluntary contraction and muscle recovery, and cognitive performance. CFS patients were screened whether they also fulfilled ME criteria, the Canadian criteria, and the diagnosis of FM.

CFS patients scored higher on symptom severity, lower on quality of life, and higher on depression and kinesiophobia and worse on MVC, muscle recovery, and cognitive performance compared to the MS patients and the healthy subjects. Daily activity levels were also lower compared to healthy subjects.

Only one difference was found between those fulfilling the ME criteria and those who did not regarding the degree of kinesiophobia (lower in ME), while comorbidity for FM significantly increased the symptom burden. CFS patients report more severe symptoms and are more disabled compared to MS patients and healthy controls.

Based on the present study, fulfillment of the ME or Canadian criteria did not seem to give a clinically different picture, whereas a diagnosis of comorbid FM selected symptomatically worse and more disabled patients.

What is in a name? Comparing diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome with or without fibromyalgia by
M Meeus, K Ickmans, F Sruyf, D Kos, L Lambrecht, B Willekens, P Cras, J Nijs in Clin Rheumatol. 2014 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]

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Defining recovery in CFS

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Adamowicz et al. have reviewed criteria previously employed to define recovery in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). They suggested such criteria have generally lacked stringency and consistency between studies and recommended future research should require “normalization of symptoms and functioning”.

METHODS: Options regarding how “normalization of symptoms and functioning” might be operationalized for CFS cohorts are explored.

RESULTS: A diagnosis of CFS excludes many chronic disabling illnesses present in the general population, and CFS cohorts can almost exclusively consist of people of working age; therefore, it is suggested that thresholds for recovery should not be based on population samples which include a significant proportion of sick, disabled or elderly individuals. It is highlighted how a widely used measure in CFS research, the SF-36 physical function subscale, is not normally distributed. This is discussed in relation to how recovery was defined for a large intervention trial, the PACE trial, using a method that assumes a normal distribution. Summary data on population samples are also given, and alternative methods to assess recovery are proposed.

CONCLUSIONS: The “normalization of symptoms and function” holds promise as a means of defining recovery from CFS at the current time. However, care is required regarding how such requirements are operationalized, otherwise recovery rates may be overstated, and perpetuate the confusion and controversy noted by Adamowicz et al.

Assessment of recovery status in chronic fatigue syndrome using normative data, by By A. Matthees in Qual Life Res. 2014 Oct 11. [Epub ahead of print]

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Orthostatic Intolerance in adolescents

Research abstract (provisional)

Background
Orthostatic intolerance is common in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and several studies have documented an abnormal sympathetic predominance in the autonomic cardiovascular response to gravitational stimuli. The aim of this study was to explore whether the expectancies towards standing are contributors to autonomic responses in addition to the gravitational stimulus itself.

Methods
A total of 30 CFS patients (12-18 years of age) and 39 healthy controls underwent 20[degree sign] head-up tilt test and a motor imagery protocol of standing upright. Beat-to-beat cardiovascular variables were recorded.

Results
At supine rest, CFS patients had significantly higher heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure, and lower stroke index and heart rate variability (HRV) indices. The response to 20[degree sign] head-up tilt was identical in the two groups. The response to imaginary upright position was characterized by a stronger increase of HRV indices of sympathetic predominance (power in the low-frequency range as well as the ratio low-frequency: high-frequency power) among CFS patients.

Conclusions
These results suggest that in CFS patients expectancies towards orthostatic challenge might be additional determinants of autonomic cardiovascular modulation along with the gravitational stimulus per se.

Orthostatic responses in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome: contributions from expectancies as well as gravity, by Vegard Bruun Wyller, Even Fagermoen, Dag Sulheim, Anette Winger, Eva Skovlund and Jerome Philip Saul in BioPsychoSocial Medicine 2014, 8:22

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Macrophagic Myofasciitis – similar symptoms to CFS/ME

Review article abstract

Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) is an emerging condition characterized by specific muscle lesions assessing abnormal long-term persistence of aluminium hydroxide within macrophages at the site of previous immunization.

Affected patients usually are middle-aged adults, mainly presenting with diffuse arthromyalgias, chronic fatigue, and marked cognitive deficits, not related to pain, fatigue or depression. Clinical features usually correspond to that observed in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis.

Representative features of MMF-associated cognitive dysfunction include dysexecutive syndrome, visual memory impairment and left ear extinction at dichotic listening test. Most patients fulfil criteria for non-amnestic/dysexecutive mild cognitive impairment, even if some cognitive deficits appear unusually severe.

Cognitive dysfunction seems stable over time despite marked fluctuations. Evoked potentials may show abnormalities in keeping with central nervous system involvement, with a neurophysiological pattern suggestive of demyelination.

Brain perfusion SPECT shows a pattern of diffuse cortical and subcortical abnormalities, with hypoperfusions correlating with cognitive deficiencies. The combination of musculoskeletal pain, chronic fatigue and cognitive disturbance generates chronic disability with possible social exclusion. Classical therapeutic approaches are usually unsatisfactory making patient care difficult.

Clinical features associated with Macrophagic Myofasciitis by Muriel Rigolet et al in Frontiers in Neurology, 19 September 2014

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Row over 4 nations comparitive study of NHS

In Wales online on Oct 17C 2014:

We cannot trust the Department for Health’: Carwyn Jones attacks Whitehall in astonishing blast

Wales First Minister has accused the Department for Health in London of being too politicised and said that Wales could not work with it.

Mr Jones made the blunt comments during an exclusive interview with the Western Mail in which he defended his administration’s running of the NHS against attacks from opposition parties and professional groups like the British Medical Association.

In the first part of the interview, Mr Jones spoke about his hope of rebuilding trust in politicians and countering the threat of UKIP

The First Minister referred to a story we ran last week in which Monmouth Conservative MP David Davies criticised the Welsh Government for allegedly “blocking” a comparative study of the NHS in the four UK nations to be carried out by the respected international organisation, the OECD.

The Welsh Government said it wasn’t prepared to participate in the study, and put off a visit to Wales by OECD officials, when the Department of Health said it planned to use statistics in the draft report in next year’s general election campaign.

The Welsh Government said such statistics in the section on Wales would be “unverified” before it confirmed their accuracy.

Such concerns follow attacks by the Conservatives on the NHS in Wales over longer waiting times and cross-border issues which see some patients in Wales deprived of drugs they could be prescribed in England.

Conservative Party chairman Grant Shapps has made it clear that his party will be drawing attention to the Welsh NHS’s perceived inadequacies during the run-up to May’s general election.

Referring to the OECD story, Mr Jones said: “Scotland and Northern Ireland are as annoyed as we are. There was an agreement that this would be a four-nation assessment.

“The Department of Health refused to give an assurance that they wouldn’t use unverified figures in the general election.

“So ourselves, Scotland and Northern Ireland said ‘let’s follow the usual process here and embargo the figures until after the general election’. They wouldn’t do it – that’s how politicised the Department of Health has become.

“We’ve said that if they don’t sort this out, we’ll go ahead ourselves and have an OECD assessment [commissioned by us] rather than wait for them and the political games they’re playing. Hey presto – the story was fed to a Conservative MP.

“The Department of Health, I’m afraid, we do not trust at all. It’s the most politicised department of any department of Whitehall. They have form on this – they did it on veterans’ health. We can’t work with them, frankly. We could not share anything confidential with them. They would leak it.”

The Department of Health did not wish to respond to the First Minister’s comments.

Last month Mr Jones dismissed calls from the BMA for an independent inquiry into the state of the NHS in Wales.

Speaking to AMs, he said people he knew in the medical profession did not share the BMA’s belief that the health service in Wales was facing “imminent meltdown”.

Asked who were the people he’d sought a reaction from over the comment, Mr Jones said: “What I said was that I knew a lot of medical students when I came to work in Cardiff {as a barrister}, and as a result of that I now know a lot of consultants and GPs, and I did take the views of a number of them.

“I think use of the phrase ‘imminent meltdown’ was unfortunate. It hasn’t happened and I don’t think it will happen. I very much welcome the fact that in the discussions which have taken since and the public pronouncements they have made the BMA has emphasised their willingness to work with the Welsh Government. These things happen from time to time, but we want to work with them.”

Mr Jones said he didn’t accept the need for the sort of inquiry the BMA had called for.

He said: “They’re asking for an inquiry into their own members, if they think about it. When particular issues have surfaced, like [concerns over the treatment of patients at] the Princess of Wales Hospital [in Bridgend], for example, we have conducted investigations into that. But there are no grounds to have a full inquiry into the NHS or the practice of doctors in the NHS in Wales.

“There were management problems at the Princess of Wales – there’s no question about that. There’s a new team in there now. What was important was that there was an investigation into what had happened. People were able to and they did take part in that investigation, and that has identified the problems. It was said that spot checks have to take place around Wales, and that’s been done.”

Mr Jones said: “We have a health service, and it’s true across the UK, where demand ever increases. Keeping up with that demand is always a challenge and we’ve met that challenge this year by finding more money for the health service – that much is true. But if you look at the increase in demand over the last decade – A&E attendances have gone up by 70%.

“With the Ambulance Trust, for example, it’s true to say that they’ve fallen short of their target, but in comparison to this time last year, they’re carrying more people.

“The rising demand in the NHS is a challenge for us, but also for Scotland, for England and Northern Ireland as well. For us in Wales we have to make sure that we fund the NHS to a level where people in Wales would want, but it does of course mean there are difficult decisions to be made elsewhere.”

Asked whether he was worried by cases where people living in Wales complained about not being able to get access to certain drugs or medical procedures that would be available to them if they lived across the border in England, Mr Jones said there were drugs like Abraxane, for example, that were available in Wales but not in England.

He said: “It’s quite common for us, of course, to pay for people from Wales to pay for particular medical procedures in England, because that’s where the centres of specialisation are. No-one is suggesting that the Welsh NHS should be entirely self-contained and that nobody should get treatment elsewhere.

“If you look at cancer, for example, we do far better in terms of cancer treatment than England. We get drugs more quickly than in England. There are cancer drugs available in Wales that are not available in England – and the same is true the other way round.”

Mr Jones said the method of assessing whether particular drugs should be available was being reviewed.

He said: “We want to make sure it’s fair across the whole of Wales,” he said.

The First Minister denied he had become a “constitutional obsessive”, preoccupied with what powers the Assembly should have rather than the bread and butter issues that concern real people.

He has been criticised for this by Welsh Tory leader Andrew RT Davies, who used a speech to tell him: ‘Stop talking about more powers and sort the Welsh NHS out’

Mr Jones said: “No. I’ve become obsessive, I suppose, about a UK that stays together. If you look at what happened in Scotland, there’s no way you can argue that things are going to go back to what they were before. From my point of view I want the UK to have a new structure – one that keeps the UK together, one that accommodates the different nationalities in the UK, but one that gets the balance right between solidarity and autonomy.”

 

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Relaxation therapy and CFS & FM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To establish the effects of relaxation therapy on autonomic function, pain, fatigue and daily functioning in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia.

METHOD:
A systematic literature study was performed. Using specific keywords related to fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome and relaxation therapy, the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Included articles were assessed for their risk of bias and relevant information regarding relaxation was extracted. The review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA-statement.

RESULTS:
Thirteen randomized clinical trials of sufficient quality were included, resulting in a total of 650 fibromyalgia patients (11 studies) and 88 chronic fatigue syndrome patients (3 studies). None of the studies reported effects on autonomic function. Six studies reported the effect of guided imagery on pain and daily functioning in fibromyalgia. The acute effect of a single session of guided imagery was studied in two studies and seems beneficial for pain relief.

For other relaxation techniques (eg. muscle relaxation, autogenic training) no conclusive evidence was found for the effect on pain and functioning in fibromyalgia patients comparison to multimodal treatment programs. For fatigue a multimodal approach seemed better than relaxation, as shown in the sole three studies on chronic fatigue syndrome patients.

CONCLUSION:
There is moderate evidence for the acute effect of guided imagery on pain, although the content of the visualization is a matter of debate. Other relaxation formats and the effects on functionality and autonomic function require further study.

The effect of relaxation therapy on autonomic functioning, symptoms and daily functioning, in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia: a systematic review by M Meeus, J Nijs, T Vanderheiden, I Baert, F Descheemaeker, F Struyf in Clin Rehabil. 2014 Sep 8. pii: 0269215514542635. [Epub ahead of print]

 

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Online programmes & ME/CFS

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a long-term, debilitating condition that impacts numerous areas of individuals’ lives. The two predominant treatment options for ME/CFS are cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy; however, many people have found these techniques unacceptable or even damaging. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the utility of a specialized online symptom management program for ME/CFS in comparison to an online meditation program in an effort to ascertain whether this tool could be a further option for those with ME/CFS.

METHODS:
THIS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CONSISTED OF TWO INTERVENTIONS: a specialized online symptoms management program (N=19) and a control intervention based on an online meditation website (N=9). A battery of questionnaires, including measures of multidimensional fatigue, illness-specific symptoms, perceived control, and mindful awareness, were completed before the participants commenced use of the programs and following 8 weeks’ use.

RESULTS:
Significant differences were found in the areas of chance and powerful others’ locus of control, and sleeping difficulties, but not in ME/CFS symptomatology overall.

CONCLUSION:
The specialized online program described in this study warrants further investigation, as it appears to influence perceived control and key ME/CFS symptoms over time.

Pilot study investigating the utility of a specialized online symptom management program for individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome as compared to an online meditation program by MA Arroll, EA Attree, CL Marshall, CP Dancey in Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2014 Sep 2;7:213-21

 

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Protective Effect of Triticum aestivum L (EETA) in CFS

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Keeping in view the proven antioxidant activity of Triticum aestivum L., this study has been undertaken to explore the potential therapeutic benefit of this plant in the treatment of CFS.

OBJECTIVE:
To study the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Triticum aestivum (EETA) in an experimental mice model of CFS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Five groups of albino mice (20-25 g) were selected for the study, with five animals in each group. Group A served as the naïve control and Group B served as the stressed control. Groups C and D received EETA (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w.). Group E received imipramine (20 mg/kg b.w.). Except for Group A, mice in each group were forced to swim 6 min each for 7 days to induce a state of chronic fatigue. Duration of immobility was measured on every alternate day. After 7 days, various behavioral tests (mirror chamber and elevated plus maize test for anxiety, open field test for locomotor activity) and biochemical estimations (malondialdehyde [MDA] and catalase activity) in mice brain were performed.

RESULTS:
Forced swimming in the stressed group resulted in a significant increase in immobility period, decrease in locomotor activity and elevated anxiety level. The brain homogenate showed significantly increased MDA and decreased catalase levels. The extract-treated groups showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved locomotor activity, decreased anxiety level, elevated catalase levels and reduction of MDA.

CONCLUSION:
The study confirms the protective effects of EETA in CFS.

A Study of the Protective Effect of Triticum aestivum L. in an Experimental Animal Model of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, by M Borah, P Sarma, S Das in Pharmacognosy Res. 2014 Oct;6(4):285-91.
 

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ME/CFS & FM Health Services Action Plan

On 16 September 2014 the Health Minister, Mark Drakeford, wrote to Local Health Boards drawing their attention to the Action Plan for improving services for people with ME, CFS and Fibromyalgia in Wales.

The Action Plan was devised by the ME/CFS and FM Task & Finish Group (which included WAMES), which met between December 2013 and May 2014, and looked at how to overcome the barriers that Health Boards face when providing services for patients, and is published as a Report and Recommendations. It is available on the WAMES website and will also become available on the Welsh Government website.

The 11 recommendations focus on strengthening pathway and service implementation arrangements and improving the patient voice in the process, not on discussing or defining the nature of ME, CFS and FM and the implications of that for treatments and management. Those discussions will inevitably take place at Health Board level between all the stakeholders.

The 9 main recommendations state that each Health Board should:

  1. identify an Executive Board member with responsibility for overseeing implementation of the recommendations below
  2. identify, by April 2015, an appropriate clinical lead or leads for ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia to take forward the recommendations and to identify a “home” for services for ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia. (not in mental health)
  3. identify relevant specialists and those with expertise or interest in developing services to establish a stakeholder group or groups (including patient representation) to support the clinical lead or leads in ensuring the effective delivery of recommendations 4-8
  4. develop effective local pathways for children and adults with ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia, by drawing on Map of Medicine pathways, Scottish Good Practice Guide, Neurological Delivery Plan and emerging guidance [& FM sources]
  5. undertake work to raise awareness of ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia in primary care, to support timely diagnosis and effective management of both children and adults
  6. identify the means by which they will provide support to people with ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia who need to attend hospital, or receive palliative care, as well as ensuring the delivery of care as close to home as possible, including the provision of telemedicine/home visits to severely affected patients unable to attend appointments via other means
  7. produce a practical, realistic and timed action plan to improve patient experience of services by people with ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia during 2015-2018, and report annually on progress
  8. release a representative (or representatives) to form an All Wales Implementation Group (which will also include third sector patient representatives)
  9. The Implementation Group to provide an All-Wales overview of service-improvement for ME/CFS and Fibromyalgia in implementing recommendations 1-8.

The report then goes on to highlight main problem areas that Health Boards need to address:

  • Improving GP understanding and timely diagnosis
  • Co-ordinating a range of health care specialists under clinical leads, not in mental health but not ignoring mental health needs of patients
  • A clear pathway to be developed based on patient needs and utilising and developing existing professional interest and expertise
  • Children’s services to include support from education and social care services and help transitioning to adult services. The practice of inappropriate pressure at attend school when ill and misdiagnosis of ‘Fabricated illness’ leading to child protection proceedings to be avoided.
  • The lack of in-patient hospital services and home visits (domiciliary services) for the approximately 25% severely affected.

Myalgic Encephalopathy/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) And Fibromyalgia (FM) Task And Finish Group Report and Recommendations, August 2014

Grŵp Gorchwyl a Gorffen Enseffalopathi Myalgig/Syndrom Blinder Cronig (ME/CFS) a FFibromyalgia (FM) Adroddiadac Argymhellion Awst 2014

Health Minister’s letter to Health Boards

WAMES comments:

We are aware that everybody is very frustrated by the length of time this is taking and that no additional money has been allocated to this task. There is still a long way to go and it could be next year before patients and carers can get involved in local stakeholder groups to discuss patient needs with health professionals in their Health Board area.

On the plus side work is well underway on the development of a pathway in Hywel Dda. Hopefully this work will be of benefit to the other Health Boards and speed up the process there.

There are a number of things that we are particularly pleased have been included in the Report:

  • A timetable and monitoring of progress at a national level.
  • The importance given to the patient voice when developing a pathway and services.
  • The use of the term ME/CFS, though we would have preferred the term used by the WHO: ‘encephalomyelitis’.
  • Highlighting the Scottish Good Practice guide (which promotes the Canadian guidelines) and the need to heed emerging guidance.
  • Highlighting the relevance of the Neurological Delivery plan to ME and CFS.
  • Highlighting the key problem areas of timely diagnosis, misdiagnosis as a mental health condition or ‘fabricated illness’, attitudes to children and education, services for the severely affected.

WAMES will continue to be involved at a national and local level and push for speedy progress and will be hoping patients and carers all over Wales will be able to join in, when the time comes. We intend to join Health Boards in looking for constructive solutions to service provision in less than ideal circumstances. It is hoped that as health professionals learn more about the nature of ME and patient needs, they will become as keen as us to see services improve.

 

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Anti-inflammatory drugs and CFS/ME

Richard N. Podell M.D., MPH discusses the implications of Japanese research which found inflammation in the brain on the prohealth website:

For most people with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) central nervous system function is abnormal. However, we don’t understand the mechanisms involved. Many experts suspect an inflammatory component, but the results from cytokine studies of cerebrospinal fluid have been uncertain.

Now, researchers at the RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies in Hyogo, Japan, have directly measured neural inflammation using a combination of PET scan and MRI imaging. (1)

Their key findings: Compared to healthy controls, nine patients with CFS/ME showed evidence of abnormal activation of microglia and/or astrocyte immune cells within the brain. In specific brain areas the degree of immune activation correlated closely with the severity of the patients’ symptoms.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine technique that produces a three-dimensional image of physiological processes within the body. PET works by attaching a gamma ray emitting tracer to a biological molecule that is normally processed by specific cell types. Appropriate computer soft ware can construct a three-dimension image of the tracer’s concentration. A concurrent MRI or CT scan further defines the anatomical locations.

The tracer for this study (called 11-C-(R)-PK111995) attaches to a specific translocator protein called TSPO. When microglia or astrocytes are metabolically active TSPO is expressed. PET scan imaging of TSPO is a standard technique for studying inflammation in neurological disorders.

For the nine patients in this study the intensity of PET imaging was substantially higher among the CFS/ ME patients compared to controls in the following brain areas: The cingulate cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, mid brain and pons.

Equally impressive, there was a high correlation between the TSPO image intensity and the severity of the patients’ reported symptoms. For example, the peak value signal within the left thalamic intralaminar nucleus was highly correlated with the cognitive impairment score. (r=0.86; P=0.0028) and also with the patients’ intensity of fatigue (r=0.63; P=0.0683).

If further studies confirm these findings, we should ask the following questions:

Why are the brain’s immune cells inflamed?
Is there an on-going infectious process? Did an initial but no longer active insult trigger sustained inflammation? Is the inflammation responding to other nervous system damage e.g. over-activity of neurons to compensate for the functional limitations caused by CFS/ME?

Would it be useful (or harmful) to suppress this inflammation using drugs or natural products?

As a clinician I’ll focus on the second question.

Standard anti-inflammatories such as ibuprofen and prednisone do not help. However, other anti-inflammatories work through different pathways. Might these be worth trying?

For example, low dose naltrexone (LDN) is believed to have a “calming” effect on brain microglia cells. Two double blind studies from Stanford Medical School show improvement in fibromyalgia symptoms with LDN treatment. (2)

The tetracycline derivatives Minocycline and Doxycycline have well recognized anti-inflammatory effects. Colchicine, and pentoxifylline can act as anti-inflammatory. Quite a few herbs do as well. These include curcumin, panax ginseng, green tea, resveratrol, and Ginger. (3) None of these have been systematically tested for CFS/ME. All could be considered to be “relatively” safe.

In contrast, Rituximab, a powerful and potentially toxic B cell suppressor has one double blind study from Norway. This found a statistically significant advantage for Rituximab over placebo, dramatically reducing the symptoms of CFS/ME. (4) Fortunately, the investigators were able to fund a replication study, which is now under way.

In contrast, in the USA and most other countries CFS/ME remains an orphan disease. So it’s not likely that we will see double blind studies of treatments any time soon In the meantime, should CFS/ME clinicians selectively offer (with proper informed consent) empirical treatment with anti-inflammatory medicines or herbs? Your thoughts will be appreciated.

References:

(1) Nakatoni, Y, Watanabe, Y, Neuroinflammation in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: An 11 C-R-PK11195 PET Study, J Nucl Med published on March 24, 2014 as dol:10.2967/jnmed.113.131045

(2) Naltrexone and Fibromyalgia: Younger J, Parkitny L, McLain D. The use of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic pain. Clin Rheumatol. 2014 Apr;33(4):451-9. doi: 10.1007/s10067-014-2517-2. Epub 2014 Feb 15. Note; You can read the free article here.

(3) Natural Products and Microglia: Choi, D, Koppula, S, Suk, K, Inhibitors of Microglial Neurotoxicity: Focus on Natural Products, Molecules, 2011, 16, 1021-43l doi =L 19,3390/molecules 1602021

(4) Fluge Ø1, Bruland O, Risa K, Storstein A, Kristoffersen EK, Sapkota D, Næss H, Dahl O, Nyland H, Mella O. Benefit from B-lymphocyte depletion using the anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab in chronic fatigue syndrome. A double-blind and placebo-controlled study. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26358. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026358. Epub 2011 Oct 19. Note: You can read the free article here.

Richard Podell, M.D., MPH is a graduate of Harvard Medical School and the Harvard School of Public Health. He has been treating patients with ME-CFS and Fibromyalgia for more than 20 years. A clinical professor at New Jersey’s Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.

 

 

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