Video lecture: Using wearable technology with Long COVID & ME/CFS

Wearable technology for long COVID and ME/CFS with Harry Leeming

 

This video lecture by Harry Leeming is one of the Massachusetts ME/CFS & FM Association‘s May Sunday Conversations series.

A former engineer, Harry Leeming has worked at multiple early-stage start-ups in Silicon Valley as well as in Formula 1.

Harry founded the company Visible, an activity tracking platform for Long COVID and ME/CFS, as a result of his own health condition, and aims to use the platform to help increase our understanding of complex chronic illness.

In this edition of Sunday Conversations with MassME, Harry gave a brief overview of the application, with descriptions of the team, their HRV-centered philosophy, and their plans for the rollout of their own wearable device specifically for pacing and symptom tracking.

He then took questions from the Zoom audience about the timeline of future releases and features, cost and geographic availability of the premium service, the potential for use in research, various user interface ideas and suggestions, and much more.

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Research review: ME/CFS & Long COVID share similar symptoms & biological abnormalities

ME/CFS and Long COVID share similar symptoms and biological abnormalities

 

“In this review, we first compare the symptoms of ME/CFS and Long COVID, noting the considerable similarities and the few differences. We then compare in extensive detail the underlying pathophysiology of these two conditions, focusing on abnormalities of the central and autonomic nervous system, lungs, heart, vasculature, immune system, gut microbiome, energy metabolism and redox balance.”

ME/CFS and Long COVID share similar symptoms

 

ME/CFS and Long COVID share similar symptoms and biological abnormalities: road map to the literature, by Anthony L Komaroff and W Ian Lipkin in Front. Med., 02 June 2023; Sec. Infectious Diseases: Pathogenesis and Therapy, Vol 10 – 2023 [doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1187163]

Some patients remain unwell for months after “recovering” from acute COVID-19. They develop persistent fatigue, cognitive problems, headaches, disrupted sleep, myalgias and arthralgias, post-exertional malaise, orthostatic intolerance and other symptoms that greatly interfere with their ability to function and that can leave some people housebound and disabled.

The illness (Long COVID) is similar to myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) as well as to persisting illnesses that can follow a wide variety of other infectious agents and following major traumatic injury.  Together, these illnesses are projected to cost the U.S. trillions of dollars.

In this review, we first compare the symptoms of ME/CFS and Long COVID, noting the considerable similarities and the few differences. We then compare in extensive detail the underlying pathophysiology of these two conditions, focusing on abnormalities of the central and autonomic nervous system, lungs, heart, vasculature, immune system, gut microbiome, energy metabolism and redox balance. This comparison highlights how strong the evidence is for each abnormality, in each illness, and helps to set priorities for future investigation.

The review provides a current road map to the extensive literature on the underlying biology of both illnesses.

Conclusion

We urge that investigators studying the underlying biology of Long COVID take note of the robust findings in ME/CFS that have not yet been investigated in Long COVID: given the many similarities in the underlying biology of the two illnesses, it is likely that pursuing such abnormalities in Long COVID will prove instructive.

Research into the pathophysiology of these responses has the potential to lead to new strategies for reducing the morbidity of ME/CFS and Long COVID, and of similar illnesses that can follow a variety of infections and non-infectious traumatic injury.

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Conference videos: International ME/CFS Conference 2023 (Berlin)

Understand, Diagnose, Treat – International ME/CFS Conference 2023

 

Leading international ME/CFS experts exchanged their views on the current state of research at the conference held at the Charité Fatigue Center, Berlin on 11-12 May 2023.

Here are links to summaries, reports and videos of many of the presentations, which include:

Autoimmunity to the Autonomic Nervous System: The Mechanism to Many Common Clinical Conditions (Keynote)
Yehuda Shoenfeld, Tel Aviv University, Israel

ME/CFS as Part of the PCS Spectrum
Carmen Scheibenbogen, Charité Fatigue Center, Berlin, Germany

Diagnosing ME/CFS – State of the Art
Uta Behrends, University Clinic/MRI TU Munich, Germany

Autonomic Dysfunction in ME/CFS
Pawel Zalewski, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torún, Poland

Breathing and Muscular Dysfunction in ME/CFS
Max Liebl, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Brain Fog and Neurocognitive Assessment in ME/CFS
Carsten Finke, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Sleep Disturbance in ME/CFS
Christian Veauthier, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Hypermobility in ME/CFS
Peter C. Rowe, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA

Poster Presentation: blood cell deformability cytometry
Martin Kräter, Max Planck Institute, Erlangen, Germany

Poster Presentation: COVID-19 – the ultimate nfkB rush and the crucial importance of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Marco Leitzke, Helios Clinic, Leisnig, Germany

Poster Presentation: Developing a blood cell-based diagnostic test for ME/CFS, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Karl J. Morten, University of Oxford, UK

Poster Presentation: Changes of the gut microbiome in CFS Patients in response to whole-body Cryotherapy
Hanna Tabisz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Poland

Poster Presentation: Skeletal muscle abnormalities contribute to post-exertional malaise in Long COVID
Rob Wust, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Poster presentation: Effects of serum factors in patents with ME/CFS after COVID-19 on endothelial cell function in vitro
Kanchan Dulal, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Poster Presentation: Symptom persistence and biomarkers in post-COVID-19/chronic fatigue syndrome
Franziska Legler, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction
Francisco Westermeier, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Cell Deformability in ME/CFS
Bettina Hohberger, University of Erlangen, Germany

Novel Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Angiogenesis Alterations in PCS and ME/CFS
Martina Seifert, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Understanding Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM)
Christian Puta, University of Jena, Germany

Insights from ME/CFS May Help Unravel the Pathogenesis of PCS
Anthony L. Komaroff, Harvard Medical School, USA

Predictors of ME/CFS following EBV and implications for PCS
Leonard A. Jason, DePaul University, Chicago, USA

Immune Signature of ME/CFS
Anna Aschenbrenner, DZNE, Bonn, Germany

EBV Mimicry in ME/CFS
Nuno Sepúlveda, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Herpesviruses in ME/CFS
Bhupesh Prusty, University of Würzburg, Germany

Treating ME/CFS – State of the Art
Luis Nacul, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine & University of British Columbia, UK

Multiprofessional Inpatient ME/CFS Treatment
Johannes-Peter Haas, ZSTJM Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

Neuromodulation in ME/CFS
Michael Stingl, Facharztzentrum Votivpark, Vienna, Austria

Medical Care Situation and Stigma with ME/CFS
Laura Froehlich, FernUniversität Hagen, Germany

Psychological Support in ME/CFS
Bettina Grande, Psychotherapy, Heidelberg, Germany

B and Plasma Cell Targeting in ME/CFS
Øystein Fluge, University of Bergen, Norway

Immunoadsorption in PCS and ME/CFS
Annika Elisa Stein, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Treating Orthostatic Intolerance in ME/CFS
Andrea Maier, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany

Vascular Targeting in ME/CFS
Klaus Wirth, University of Frankfurt / Mitodicure GmbH, Germany

See also

German Association for ME/CFS (Deutsche Gesellschaft für ME/CFS) has prepared short summaries of the presentations

Solve ME: Latest Breakthroughs at International ME/CFS Conference in Berlin

MERUK: “Understand, Diagnose, Treat” – reflecting on ME/CFS Conference 2023

ME Association: The Charité Fatigue Center ME/CFS Research Conference 2023

About the Charité Fatigue Center

“As an association of physicians and scientists who deal with fatigue, we have made it our mission to provide patients and doctors with assistance in diagnostics and therapy. We offer training events for physicians and provide information material for physicians and patients.

In an interdisciplinary network, we try to investigate the causes of fatigue, develop diagnostic markers and conduct therapy studies.”

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500 miles for ME: Carer Rob’s fundraising challenge!

500 miles for ME – Rob’s challenge

 

Rob says:

On 8th June I will begin my challenge – to walk, 500 miles for ME over the course of 100 days to greet the sunrise at Paxton’s Tower, near Carmarthen.

Each walk will entail a 5 mile round trip and a 650ft elevation and so, over the course of 100 days I will have covered 500 miles and climbed the equivalent of twice the height of Mount Everest!

Three members of my family have been diagnosed with ME including my youngest son, who is currently bedbound, and for whom my wife and I are full time carers. I will be rising at 3.45am, which will allow me to walk before resuming my caring responsibilities.

Over the course of my challenge, I hope to speak to a variety of people, from researchers, to carers, to charities – raising awareness and educating about this debilitating disease that has for too long been neglected, resulting in #millionsmissing from their own lives.

I’m attempting to raise funds for 3 charities who are fighting hard for ME sufferers and their carers:

Please follow this link for more information about my challenge and to donate if you can – any amount would be so appreciated. https://www.500milesfor.me/

I will share regular updates of my walks with you on Facebook

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Carers Week 2023 – do you identify as a carer?

Carers Week 2023 campaign: Cross-Government action to identify and support carers

 

New Carers Week research reveals 19 million people in the UK have provided unpaid care, but haven’t identified as a carer.

Without proper identification, carers miss out on vital support – impacting both their finances and their health. The research shows that providing unpaid care has had a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of 8 million people in the UK.

The government needs to act now to protect carers’ wellbeing and prevent them from being pushed into poverty. Cross-government action is needed to identify and support carers.

Carers Wales says: “This Carers Week, we want communities across the UK to come together to recognise the huge contribution unpaid carers make to society.”

Read: I care: Carers week report on unpaid carer identification

Join the campaign – write to your MP: Recognising and supporting carers in the community

 

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Prof Brian Hughes: 2021 NICE guideline myths

Getting it Right: Addressing myths about the 2021 NICE guideline for ME/CFS

 

Brian Hughes is an academic psychologist and university professor in Galway, Ireland with a blog called the Science bit. On World ME Day 2023 he spoke to the Hope 4 ME & Fibro NI conference in Belfast.

He outlined eight pieces of misinformation regarding the new guideline (and about ME/CFS more generally) that are currently being pushed from certain quarters.

These myths included:

  • “CBT and GET are ‘evidence-based’ treatments for ME/CFS!”
  • “Evidence cannot just ‘change’!”
  • “The NICE review was driven by patient advocacy!”
  • “The defenders of the old guideline are simply standing up for science!”
  • “You cannot evaluate ME/CFS outcomes using objective measures!”

Watch the video:


 

 

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Research review: Biomarkers for ME/CFS

Biomarkers for ME/CFS: a systematic review

 

Australian researchers found 101 key studies in ME/CFS that varied in efficacy, quality, and potential to be developed into a diagnostic biomarker. Most were blood-based and measured a range of dysfunction.

“Many of these biomarkers were studied in isolation but may be part of a complex multidisciplinary process as displayed by some of the overlap between observations made and extensive crosstalk between each system. There is evidence of widespread genetic, immune, neurological, mitochondrial and endocrine differences in ME/CFS compared with healthy controls.”

Immune dysfunction appeared to be key and the use of lymphocytes a potential model, which are a type of white blood cell in the immune system and include natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells. To aid future biomarker research the researchers concluded there is a need for multidisciplinary research and uniform protocols.

Postulated multidisciplinary pathway of ME/CFS

 

Biomarkers for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): a systematic review, by Rebekah Maksoud, Chandi Magawa, Natalie Eaton-Fitch, Kiran Thapaliya & Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik in BMC Medicine vol 21, no: 189 (2023) [doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02893-9]

 

Review abstract:

Background
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multifaceted condition that affects most body systems. There is currently no known diagnostic biomarker; instead, diagnosis is dependent on application of symptom-based case criteria following exclusion of any other potential medical conditions. While there are some studies that report potential biomarkers for ME/CFS, their efficacy has not been validated.

The aim of this systematic review is to collate and appraise literature pertaining to a potential biomarker(s) which may effectively differentiate ME/CFS patients from healthy controls.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Cochrane review guidelines. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were systematically searched for articles containing “biomarker” and “ME/CFS” keywords in the abstract or title and if they included the following criteria:

(1) were observational studies published between December 1994 and April 2022;

(2) involved adult human participants;

(3) full text is available in English

(4) original research;

(5) diagnosis of ME/CFS patients made according to the Fukuda criteria (1994), Canadian Consensus Criteria (2003), International Consensus Criteria (2011) or Institute of Medicine Criteria (2015);

(6) study investigated potential biomarkers of ME/CFS compared to healthy controls. Quality and Bias were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Control Studies.

Results
A total of 101 publications were included in this systematic review. Potential biomarkers ranged from:

  • genetic/epigenetic (19.8%)
  • immunological (29.7%)
  • metabolomics/mitochondrial/microbiome (14.85%)
  • endovascular/circulatory (17.82%)
  • neurological (7.92%)
  • ion channel (8.91%) and
  • physical dysfunction biomarkers (8.91%).

Most of the potential biomarkers reported were blood-based (79.2%).

Use of lymphocytes as a model to investigate ME/CFS pathology was prominent among immune-based biomarkers. Most biomarkers had secondary (43.56%) or tertiary (54.47%) selectivity, which is the ability for the biomarker to identify a disease-causing agent, and a moderate (59.40%) to complex (39.60%) ease-of-detection, including the requirement of specialised equipment.

Conclusions
All potential ME/CFS biomarkers differed in efficiency, quality, and translatability as a diagnostic marker. Reproducibility of findings between the included publications were limited, however, several studies validated the involvement of immune dysfunction in the pathology of ME/CFS and the use of lymphocytes as a model to investigate the pathomechanism of illness.

The heterogeneity shown across many of the included studies highlights the need for multidisciplinary research and uniform protocols in ME/CFS biomarker research.

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Review: Exercise intolerance in ME/CFS & PASC: more in common than not?

Exercise Pathophysiology in ME/CFS and PASC

 

This review finds the mechanisms of systemic blood flow, ventilatory control, hemodynamic and gas exchange derangements to be involved in exercise intolerance in both conditions.

Exercise Pathophysiology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: More in Common Than Not? by Phillip Joseph, Inderjit Singh, Rudolf Oliveira, Christine A Capone, Mary P Mullen, Dane B Cook, Mary Catherine Stovall, Johanna Squires, Kristine Madsen, Aaron B Waxman, David M Systrom in Chest. 2023 Apr 11;S0012-3692(23)00502-0 [10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.049]

Summary: 

This review aims to illustrate exercise pathophysiologic commonalities between PASC and ME/CFS that will help guide future diagnostics and treatment.

Research abstract:

Topic importance:

Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is a long-term consequence of acute infection from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical overlap between PASC and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) has been observed, with shared symptoms including intractable fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and orthostatic intolerance. The mechanistic underpinnings of such symptoms are poorly understood.

Review findings: 

Early studies suggest deconditioning as the primary explanation for exertional intolerance in PASC. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) reveals perturbations related to systemic blood flow and ventilatory control associated with acute exercise intolerance in PASC, which are not typical of simple detraining.

Hemodynamic and gas exchange derangements in PASC have substantial overlap with those observed with ME/CFS, suggestive of shared mechanisms.

 

See also: Video – Dr David Systrom speaks about the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in chronic fatigue syndrome, including a clinical case with a patient perspective.

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Pacing my way through Pain Clinic

Avoiding PEM by pacing my way through Pain Clinic

 

PF gives her experience of an ME/CFS friendly way of attending a Pain Clinic in south Wales.

As my referral to the Pain Clinic was made during Covid lockdown I was initially offered a Consultation over the phone, instead of having to physically go to the hospital.

I had a lengthy constructive consultation with a pain management consultant who asked a lot of questions and actively listened to what I said. (This has not always happened to me in the past!)  As I have other health issues, including ME/CFS, he suggested the best way forward would be to have a support person to help guide me through their Pain Management program.

With an entirely open mind, I agreed to participate fully, in the hope I’d receive an element of helpfulness, as the last 14 years have been a struggle with the numerous chaotic difficulties that come with ME/CFS.

I was desperate for anything to help me help myself and manage my pain, so I gladly accepted a combination of telephone calls with downloadable mini segments of modules relating to pain management.

I struggle with cognitive and physical difficulties, so I asked to have bi-weekly sessions at a slower pace, with smaller amounts of information. Thankfully they agreed. This helped me massively as I was able to spend as time as much as I needed to repeat the sessions. A link would arrive by email and when I opened it a calm voice would speak, backed up by text and diagrams, and ending with questions.

I could take time to absorb what was being communicated and work out how it related to me.  To reassure me and help my developing understanding I had an hour’s one-to-one telephone session with my support person, who was the same person throughout. This relationship was very helpful.

Even when I felt I knew about a topic, I still spent time on it. You can choose not to do this, but personally I don’t believe in complaining about something not being applicable or helpful to me, if I was not willing to put in the effort. I believed I would only get out what I was willing to put in.

Pain clinic is not a magic bullet of medication(s) or a pain patch or injections

The first segment started by informing me of different types of pain.  Another followed up the impact pain has on my body. Next I learned about the types of medications and what their contribution is towards pain management.

The first big personal discovery was that there was a slow release version of the drug I took – Tramadol – which might be better for me. The Pain Clinic wrote to my GP, who agreed to prescribe it and although it doesn’t take away pain, it assists me in having more control of my pain, balancing it and avoiding spikes and dips. It equates to a better quality of life for me.

Depending on the outcome of my bi-weekly telephone conversation my support person gave me several links to access. I found I was able to listen multiple times, as at first due to my cognitive difficulties it felt as though I was listening to gobble di gook.  After 48 hours of active listening, I was able to start processing the information and come to some understanding of what was being said.

By the beginning of the following week I was able to then think more clearly as to how this information may apply to me.

By the time a new support session was due I was able to voice what I had learned and clarify that I had understood correctly, then discuss how it might be applicable to my life. Gradually I realised I was developing a better understanding of what’s happening within my body and how I may be able to find a better way to manage my pain.

Another major message of the course was that although pain might never go away, we can change our focus and not waste energy trying to remove it. By understanding how our body filters pain, how the internal stimuli system (my body’s auto-senses) processes pain and the impact external stimuli elements also have on my pain I can see how I can perceive it differently and find ways to soften the impact of it. Pain has many facets and both the psychology and physiology of pain can influence and impact how we experience pain.

Having a clear plan was also encouraged, accepting that you might have to change the way you do things, to be achieved in smaller doable steps was another lesson. If we step back and ask whether the tasks we couldn’t achieve before might in fact be achievable by modifying our actions and expectations. By using light  tools I can still garden and see seedlings spring into life rather than focus on negativity & pain.

Finding ways of self soothing and calming were encouraged. To stop and take a breath. For me this has meant online art classes which both help with pain management and give me a social experience.

Asking for help from others can often lead to self criticism. It is too easy to feel guilty or sad, but when we can, and explain to them exactly how they could help, we can find ourselves more able to do something. I was challenged to be kind to myself but also to ask for help in a way that doesn’t require a big confession or lesson in what ME/CFS is. People might not understand the complexities of our health condition, but can still respond to our request.

To develop an inner voice of calmness we were encouraged to e.g. focus on the positives each day and accept things might not happen as we wished. Calmly developing a plan B helps, if plan A cannot happen. If remaining calm means resting then I can give myself the gift of resting without personal recriminations, putting things into perspective and making plans for another time in maybe smaller steps, with adaptable changes if need be, and being kind to myself.

We were given breathing exercises and other methods of relaxation to aid rest or sleep, though we don’t necessarily need to sleep. Just closing our eyes, resting in peace in a darkened quiet place often helps me.  It allows me to decompress from my body/brain being overloaded and from being excluded from my community due to my illness, as the charcoal sketch of my unworn shoes illustrate.

To sum up…

All the many downloadable sessions – I’ve just mentioned a few – were individually helpful but eventually they all linked up to complete a bigger picture, like a jigsaw puzzle. They gave me a set of tools to develop my understanding of many aspects of life as I journey through time.

This may sound quite complex and even condescending, as though I haven’t lived life or know how to deal with any of the stuff that I have to navigate through. It is not. Yes I may have had knowledge of some things but pain clinic gradually, on a weekly basis, gave me a better understanding of many more things and I can still access that information today, if I wish.

There were no physical activities as this was understood not to be helpful for ME/CFS. The flexible way the information was delivered and the fact they allowed me to take it at my own pace, made the process so much more helpful than I would have thought was possible.

[Due to irritating cognitive problems I have relied on Jan’s help to edit my experiences!]                               PF

#WorldMEday  #LearnFromME

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Poem: PEM at 2am

PEM at 2 am

by Ffion

For World ME Day, 12th May 2023 
“M.E. – the disease where pushing harder can make you sicker” 

 

Shattered…
Battered…

Shell-shocked…
Dazzled…

Detonated from sleep…
By explosion in my brain.

Perspiration…
Prostration…
Nausea…
Pain…

I lie quietly, tightly,
Barely daring to breathe…

Yesterday, did too much…??
And triggered PEM…
Again…

I long to return to the life that I had…
Excitement and routine…
Highs and lows…
Good and bad…

But I must lie silent,
Isolated in time…

Life-denied…
Soul-destroyed…
Inexpressibly sad…

Notes

“Post-exertional malaise (PEM) is the worsening of symptoms in ME,  following even minor physical or mental exertion.  Symptoms typically worsen 12 to 48 hours after activity and last for days or even weeks.”

“Malaise”, lit. “ill-at-ease”, does not begin to describe it…. “collapse” a much better descriptor.

see more poems by Ffion

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